Preheat oven to 180c.
Line a 12-hole muffin pan with muffin liners and set aside.
For the crumble topping, add brown sugar to a small bowl, then grate in lemon zest over the bowl.
85 g light brown sugar
Use a flexible spatula to rub the lemon zest into the sugar.
125 g plain (all-purpose) flour, 1 teaspoon lemon zest, 65 g salted butter
Whisk in plain flour, then add melted butter and mix to combine, then set aside.
For the muffin batter, add raw caster sugar to a large bowl, grate in lemon zest, then rub the lemon zest into the caster sugar.
220 g raw caster sugar, 1 tablespoon lemon zest
Mix in self-raising flour, then stir in blueberries and set aside.
375 g self-raising (self-rising) flour, 250 g blueberries
In a jug or medium bowl, combine buttermilk, vegetable oil, lemon juice, vanilla, melted butter and egg, then whisk to combine (the mixture will look curdled, that's normal).
250 ml buttermilk, 4 tablespoons vegetable oil, 2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice, 1 teaspoon vanilla extract, 60 g salted butter, 1 egg
Add the buttermilk mixture to the flour mixture, then fold gently until it's just incorporated - don't overmix (see my notes).
Scoop the batter into the prepared muffin pan, then generously top each muffin cup with crumble topping mixture (it will look like a lot but use it all!).
Bake for 20 - 25 minutes or until a toothpick or skewer inserted into the centre of a muffin comes out clean.
Remove the muffins from the pan and place them on a wire rack to cool.